Vitamin D signaling is modulated on multiple levels in health and disease.

摘要: Vitamin D signaling is dependent on the availability and turnover of active receptor (VDR) ligand 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol efficiency VDR transactivation. Activating inactivating secosteroid metabolizing p450 enzymes, e.g. 25-hydroxylases, 1α-hydroxylase 24-hydroxylase, are responsible for basis substrate production in skin nutritional intake precursors. Net hormone depends delivery balance activating enzymes. 1α-Hydroxylase critical enzyme. It expressed kidney systemic supply target tissues local activation. upregulated by low calcium parathyroid hormone, downregulated phosphatonins proinflammatory signal transduction. Transactivation correct molecule structure, effective nuclear translocation presence unliganded heterodimer partner retinoid X-receptor (RXR) other cofactors. Rapid D-dependent membrane associated effects consecutive second messenger activation exert an own pattern gene regulation. A these hypothesized but not yet identified. Rickets long known clinical syndrome impaired due to D3 deficiency. can be caused inherited defects cascade, deficits, lack sunlight exposure, malabsorption underlying diseases like chronic inflammation. has been shown during last decades that many modifiers targets disease terms acquired syndromes modulated at multiple levels more complex than mere mechanistic ligand/receptor/DNA interaction.