Life Cycle Assessment of Fuel Choices for Marine Vessels

摘要: Transporting 80% for the total volume of goods in world, shipping is currently backbone global economy. The fleet consists multiple types vessels, which delivers various forms services. As economy grows, and with it, concern local international communities environmental impact has increased. Introduction alternative fuels as a step towards more friendly industry been evaluated. goal this study to develop illustrate life-cycle based approach evaluate fuel choice different marine vessels their typical operational pattern. Life Cycle Assessment performed evaluates six choices (heavy oil(HFO), diesel oil/marine gas oil (MDO/MGO), liquefied natural (LNG), methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) Fischer-Tropsch diesel) two (RoPax ferry large container ship). assess impacts generated over life cycle fuels, from extraction resources, production distribution, combustion. By using 18 midpoint indicators, have compared respect performance. report emphasized indicators Agricultural land occupation potential (ALO), Global warming (GWP) Particulate matter formation (PMFP). results give an ambiguous answer best performance when used applications. LNG show drastic reduction PMFP, but use does not change GWP significantly HFO. In addition, that low sulfur general provide clear PMFP. particulate extent caused by combustion process all choices. PMFP biofuels mainly result NOX emissions, while PM SOX emissions are also important contributors considering conventional fuels. terms GWP, implementation shows potential. A substitution HFO DME or FT-diesel equal 56%, 78%. However, found very sensitive inclusion related biomass storage. For fossil CO2 emitted along main contributor N2O CH4 addition CO2. Increased agricultural consequence biofuels. primarily type feedstock applied biofuel production. lower produced short-rotation wood, i.e. Dimethyl FT-diesel, forest was utilized methanol It believed further insight processes stressors causing environment each fuel. Considering three categories study, Fisher Tropsch-diesel Ether appear most promising alternatives application.