Accessing adaptation: Multiple stressors on livelihoods in the Bolivian highlands under a changing climate

摘要: Abstract Smallholder farmers continuously confront multiple social and environmental stressors that necessitate changes in livelihood strategies to prevent damages take advantage of new opportunities, or adaptation. Vulnerability, meaning susceptibility harm, is attributable determinants limit access assets, leading greater exposure sensitivity a limited capacity adapt. Stressors adaptation are intertwined because deplete resources available for adaptation, while may erode respond future stressors. We present empirical evidence demonstrating the interactions adaptations over time through case study indigenous highland Bolivia. examine how perceive stress on their livelihoods, adapting these threats, influence past vulnerability under increasing climatic change. find as stressors, such land scarcity delayed seasonal rainfall, compound, simultaneously reducing demanding expenditure household assets including natural capital (water land), human (including labor), financial, physical, capital. To reduce time, constraints key must be addressed, allowing households flexibility improve adaptive they confront.