State of water in osmotic processes
作者： P.F. Scholander
DOI: 10.1016/0026-2862(71)90027-6
关键词: Imbibition 、 Vapour pressure of water 、 Thermodynamics 、 Materials science 、 Semipermeable membrane 、 Osmosis 、 Forward osmosis 、 Partial pressure 、 Osmotic pressure 、 Vapor pressure
摘要: Abstract Osmosis and imbibition depend on solute, or matrix, pressure respectively acting a boundary. If the boundary is semipermeable membrane, due to solute matrix alone; if it free surface, balance of forces gives negative solvent, with consequent lowering vapor pressure. Osmotic flux through dialyzing membrane purely hydraulic, not uniquely determined by water potential; only in diffusional osmosis are these parameters determinants. flux, swelling, caused gradient partial itself. This unified interpretation based upon experimentally verified entities: (1) fluid pressures, (2) independence from solvent at equilibrium, (3) fundamental role for (4) produced drag under nonequilibrium conditions.
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