Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africa at Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of the DACCIWA program
作者： Catherine Liousse , Elhadji Thierno Doumbia , Armelle Baeza-Squiban , Hélène Cachier , Jean-Francois Léon
关键词: Nitrate 、 Air pollution 、 Wet season 、 Total organic carbon 、 Environmental chemistry 、 Dry season 、 Inorganic ions 、 Environmental science 、 Seasonality 、 Particulates
摘要: Abstract. Urban air pollution in West Africa has yet to be well characterized. In the frame of DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions West Africa) program, intensive measurement campaigns were performed Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin), dry (January 2016 2017) and wet (July 2015 2016) seasons, at different sites chosen be representative African urban combustion sources, i.e., domestic fires (ADF), traffic (AT) waste burning (AWB) sources Abidjan traffic source (CT). Both the size distribution particulate matter (PM) their chemical composition including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic (WSOC), inorganic ions (WSI) trace metals examined. Results show very high PM concentrations all a well-marked seasonality as a strong spatial variation. The average PM 2.5 mass concentrations during wet season are 517.3, 104.1, 90.3, 69.1 µ g m −3 at the ADF, CT, AT, AWB sites, respectively. season, concentrations decrease 375.7 ADF site, while they increase 269.7, 141.3, 175.3 and AWB annual levels almost sites are significantly higher than WHO guideline level 10 . As for mass, (EC) (OC) also maximal accounting up 69 % total mass. Such content is mainly linked wood cooking commercial food smoking activities. Dust contributions dominant CT (57 %–80 %), AT (20 %–70 %), (30 %–69 %) especially coarse fine-particle modes site fraction AT which may be explained by impact long-range desert-dust transport resuspended particles from roads, addition anthropogenic sources. The contributions WSI mainly driven chloride, nitrate, calcium fine and/or large particles, highly variable according but remain less 30 %. Values generally 1–3 times season. This is due not only to anthropogenic emissions nitrate formation reaction processes and natural emissions. elements reflect the trends dust with predominance Al, Na, Ca, Fe, K, keys markers crustal dust. study constitutes an original database that characterizes specific
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