Gynoecial Structure of Vitales and Implications for the Evolution of Placentation in the Rosids

摘要: Premise of research. Evolutionary relationships the Vitales (the economically important Vitaceae and its sister family Leeaceae) within rosids have been difficult to resolve. Gynoecial structure, especially placentation type, two families has variously interpreted. A survey gynoecial structure is undertaken these families, they are interpreted in light phylogenetic comparison types among all angiosperms.Methodology. Gynoecial architecture 21 species were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Ancestral character reconstruction gynoecia axile, parietal, basal, apical, free-central, marginal, or laminar placentae across 640 taxa representing 58 orders angiosperms was inferred using maximum likelihood help interpret evolution gynoecium Vitales.Pivotal results. The syncarpous ovary bicarpellate tricarpellate Leeaceae; both carpels congenitally fused to...