Impact of rainfall variability and anthropogenic activities on streamflow changes and water stress conditions across Tapi Basin in India.

摘要: Abstract Water security is a major concern in recent years, especially, semi-arid and arid regions, which are adversely impacted due to extensive anthropogenic climatic changes across the globe. Present study investigates long-term streamflows, their quantitative attribution socio-environmental implications for climatically sensitive Tapi basin west central India. The abrupt gradual streamflows have been detected over period 1973–2013 using non-parametric Pettit's Mann-Whitney U tests; Modified Mann-Kendall, Spearman's Rho Sen's slope estimator tests respectively. streamflow analyses revealed heterogeneity basin, wherein tributaries exhibited higher variability annual runoff compared River. spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS has used graphically demonstrate rainfall trends basin. predominantly decreasing except upper reaches largely attributed activities such as land use patterns viz., increase agriculture area, construction minor medium hydraulic structures, decrease forest cover, rapid urbanization, excessive groundwater extraction regulations. played role declining contributing about 68%–99% (average 85%) decline total runoff, variability, contributed around 1%–32% 15%) runoff. analysis water stress levels at sub-catchment scale significant rise percentage population living facing chronic shortage (i.e.,