The history, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of carbon-based fuels and their emissions: part 4 - alternative fuels.

摘要: The combustion of solid fuels (like wood, animal dung, and coal) usually involves elevated temperatures altered pressures genotoxicants (e.g., PAHs) are likely to form. These substances carcinogenic in experimental animals, epidemiological studies implicate these (especially their emissions) as carcinogens man. Globally, ∼50% all households ∼90% rural use for cooking or heating often burnt simple stoves with very incomplete combustion. Exposed women children exhibit low birth weight, increased infant perinatal mortality, head neck cancer, lung cancer although few have measured exposure directly. Today, that cannot meet the expense like kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity resort collecting agricultural residue, dung household fuels. In more developed countries, used electric power generation providing than half generated United States. world's coal reserves, which equal approximately one exagram, ∼1 trillion barrels crude oil (comparable known reserves) could last 600 years. Studies show PAHs identified fuel emissions react NO2 form direct-acting mutagens. summary, many found both indoor electricity-generating combustors same; therefore, severity health effects vary status exposed population.