Hemolymph Proteins Involved in the Cold Tolerance of Terrestrial Arthropods: Antifreeze and Ice Nucleator Proteins

摘要: Keeping an appropriate amount of body water in the liquid state is a major problem for terrestrial arthropods exposed to subzero temperatures. Freeze-susceptible species cannot survive even minimal ice formation their fluids and so must avoid freezing by producing antifreezes and/or removing nucleators. Even freeze-tolerant only if confined extracellular fluid. This results dehydration cells thus adaptations contributing freeze tolerance, along with elimination intracellular (i.e., nucleators), are those concerned combating low availability. (For recent general reviews on this topic see Bale 1987; Baust Rojas 1985; Cannon Block 1988; 1990; Somme 1989; Storey Zachariassen Lee Denlinger 1991).