The Left Ventricle in Chronic Lung Disease

摘要: Many symptoms associated with left ventricular dysfunction, such as exertional dyspnea, orthopnea and cough, may similarly be attributed to lung disease (1,2). For example, any increase in dyspnea perceived a significant change by patient chronic can represent an important sometimes difficult challenge the physician. patients, few reliable clinical guides are available for separating breathlessness due progression of from superimposed dysfunction. Physical findings, crackles tachycardia, common both entities. The problem is compounded older whom distinction between cardiac pulmonary becomes blurred changes accompanying aging. This issue underscored Rapaport: “Perhaps most differential diagnosis arises when has disease, independently, well” (2). physician must ask question, Does or this new assault on ventricle?