Transvenous embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations: a review of techniques, indications, and outcomes.

摘要: Endovascular embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is conventionally performed from a transarterial approach. Transarterial AVM can be standalone treatment or, more commonly, used as neoadjuvant therapy prior to microsurgery or stereotactic radiosurgery. In contrast the approach, curative AVMs may readily achieved transvenous Transvenous considered salvage in contemporary management. Proposed indications for this approach include small (diameter < 3 cm) and compact nidus, deep location, hemorrhagic presentation, single draining vein, lack an accessible arterial pedicle, exclusive supply by perforators, en passage feeding arteries. Available studies literature have reported high complete obliteration rates, with reasonably low complication rates. However, evaluating efficacy safety challenging due limited number published cases. review authors describe technical considerations, indications, outcomes embolization.