Temperature Stress and Basic Bioenergetic Strategies for Stress Defence

摘要: Common sense tells us that “life implies work”. Therefore, every living cell must extract energy from the environment and convert it into a biologically utilizable form, viz. ATP. This fundamental process of biological conversion universally uses either light (phototrophic processes) or oxidation reduced material in dark (chemotrophic, dissimilatory processes). Mechanistically speaking, chemotrophic relies on substrate level phosphorylation (ATP generation by intramolecular redox processes soluble cytosolic system) respiration which depends electron transport membranes needs external oxidants sufficiently positive potential (Schlegel 1975). Also photosynthesis generally membrane-bound transport; only known exception, halobacterial photophosphorylation through bacteriorhodopsin-mediated light-driven conformational proton-pumping (Oesterhelt et al. 1977; Lanyi 1978; Renthal 1992), nevertheless belongs to major category chemiosmotic which, like transport-dependent respiration, inevitably charge separation systems (see Nicholls Ferguson 1992).