Locomotor strategy for pedaling: muscle groups and biomechanical functions.

摘要: A group of coexcited muscles alternating with another is a common element motor control, including locomotor pattern generation. This study used computer simulation to investigate human pedaling each muscle assigned at times group. Simulations were generated by applying patterns excitations musculoskeletal model that includes the dynamic properties muscles, limb segments, and crank load. Raasch et al. showed electromyograms, pedal reaction forces, kinematics recorded during maximum-speed start-up could be replicated two signals controlling excitation four groups (1 form pair). Here four-muscle-group control also shown replicate steady pedaling. However, simulations show three six (i.e., 3 pairs) much more biomechanically robust, such wide variety forward backward tasks can executed well. We found biomechanical functions necessary for pedaling, how these groups. Specifically, phasing pairs respect extension flexion transitions between do not change direction. One pair (uniarticular hip knee extensors their anatomic antagonists) generates energy required propulsion flexion, respectively. In second pair, ankle plantarflexors transfer from inertia latter part subsequent extension-to-flexion transition. The dorsiflexors alternate plantarflexors. third (the biarticular thigh muscles) reverses hamstring excited transition in opposite both cases hamstrings propel posteriorly through Rectus femoris alternates propels anteriorly transitions. With signals, one groups, different cadences (or power outputs) achieved adjusting overall excitatory drive generating elements, goals (e.g., smooth, or energy-efficient pedaling; 1- 2-legged pedaling) relative levels among These are suggested elements general strategy which may generally applicable other tasks.