Sustainability and Management: Coastal Systems

摘要: This paper examines the economic concepts of “Weak” and “Strong” sustainability their application to assessment policy, investment human uses coastal areas. These interpretations are applied reclamation estuaries defense. examples demonstrate that poor understanding dynamic processes functions systems has resulted in continuing intervention system forced it readjust so frequently remains almost permanently a state dis-equilibrium. It is argued this results “weak” where activities can only be sustained through major investments man-made capital. The concludes we must begin manage man-induced natural change at coast more positive manner. For happen need European Marine Policy that: links terrestrial marine management perspectives, encourages cross-disciplinary research both create new knowledge will help inform policy strengthen its utility for management.