Stereotypy of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Insights from video-EEG monitoring

摘要: Purpose: To systematically study the semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) captured by video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM) and categorize typical patterns observed. Methods: VEM records patients who underwent evaluation from January 2002 to June 2007 were reviewed identify those had PNES with or without a background epilepsy. The each event was visually analyzed entered into statistical database. Type movement, anatomic distribution, synchrony, symmetry, onset, offset, course, duration, vocalization, hyperventilation, eye movements, responsiveness evaluated. classified distinct groups according predominant motor manifestation. Results: A total 330 61 studied. Based on semiology, six different types observed as follows: (1) rhythmic characterized tremor rigor-like movements (46.7%); (2) hypermotor violent (3.3%); (3) complex such flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, clonic-like myoclonic-like components varying combinations distribution (10%); (4) dialeptic unresponsiveness manifestations (11.2%); (5) auras subjective sensations any external manifestations, marked in "seizure button presses" (23.6%); (6) mixed where above seizure seen (5.2%). In given patient, all belonged single type 82% cases. Discussion: can be stereotypic categories. Contrary common belief, demonstrates stereotypy both within across patients.