Epidemiology of urolithiasis.

摘要: The epidemiology of urolithiasis differs according to geographical area and historical period: changing socio-economic conditions have generated changes in the incidence type lithiasis terms both site physical-chemical composition calculi. Reno-ureteral calculosis typical adult age featuring mainly calcium oxalate phosphate is currently more frequent economically developed countries, where prevalence rate hovers between 4% 20% annual hospitalization for ranges from 0.03 0.1%. On contrary "primitive" vesical fairly widespread Asia, with calculi composed ammonium urate oxalate. Vesical calculosis, due malnutrition very early years life, huge areas Turkey, Iran, India, China, Indochina Indonesia, although decreasing proportion as social gradually improve. At beginning 20th century primitive was relatively Europe also, but course last 100 years, there has been a gradual decrease its incidence, while reno-ureteral become common. This trend definited "stone wave" explained consequent eating habits. In Europe, Northern America, Australia, Japan, and, recently, Saudi Arabia affluence spread all classes, it tendency eat "rich" food large quantities. Calcium and/or stones account almost 70% renal observed countries. this varies considerably on environmental factors, especially dietary intake lifestyle, radiolucent infection seem be less influenced by conditions. seventies pathogenetic role diet rich proteins, refined carbohydrate sodium evident, effect alimentary still debated. However, concurrence genetic predisposition crucial stone formation. fact importance family history idiopathic disease clearly demonstrated, little known about metabolic alterations underlying their transmission mechanisms.