A general quantitative theory of personality development: Fundamentals of a self-organizing psychobiological complex

摘要: A general theory of personality and its development is described in terms four quantitative dimensions temperament three character. The (harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence, persistence) are moderately heritable, stable throughout life, invariant despite sociocultural influences. character (self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence) mature a stepwise manner from early childhood adulthood. Transitions between levels maturity nonlinear functions temperament, specific genetic influences, social learning, random life events. Personality quantitatively formulated dynamics complex adaptive system. psychosocial interpretation as fitness-optimizing process illustrated available data about the different configurations. Several predictions this tested, including sequence emergence dimensions, individual differences configurations, effects theoretical agree with empirical suggest many hypotheses for future developmental research, etiological, dynamic, therapeutic studies.