作者: Oner Sanli , Yair Lotan
DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1432358
关键词: Pathological 、 Oncology 、 Urinary system 、 Subtyping 、 Carcinoma in situ 、 Cancer 、 Cystoscopy 、 Bladder cancer 、 Medicine 、 Urine cytology 、 Internal medicine
摘要: ABSTRACTIntroduction: Management of high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is challenging. It vital to detect recurrences early and predict which tumors are likely progress.Areas covered: This manuscript reviews the current approaches available for detection surveillance NMIBCs. A literature review was utilized evaluate factors recurrence progression as well evaluating including pathological aspects NMIBC, molecular subtyping, methods tumor visualization, urine cytology, urinary markers, tissue markers scoring systems nomograms.Expert commentary: Clinical still mainstay prediction progression. However, genomic information such subtyping may improve understanding prognosis. White light cystoscopy a dominant approach but enhanced superior especially carcinoma in situ. Urinar...