Dual mechanisms of apoptosis induction by cytotoxic lymphocytes

摘要: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells together comprise the means by which immune system detects rids higher organisms of virus-infected or transformed cells. Although differing considerably in way they detect foreign mutated antigens, these utilize highly analogous mechanisms for inducing target cell death. Both types effector two principal contact-dependent cytolytic mechanisms. The first these, granule exocytosis mechanism, depends on synergy a calcium-dependent pore-forming protein, perforin, battery proteases (granzymes), it results penetration molecules into cytoplasm nucleus. second, requires binding FasL (CD95L) with trimeric Fas (CD95) receptive cells, is calcium independent functions generating death signal at inner leaflet membrane. Exciting recent developments have indicated that both impinge an endogenous signaling pathway strongly conserved species as diverse helminths humans dictates survival all