FITNESS LANDSCAPES IN ORCHIDS: PARAMETRIC AND NON-PARAMETRICAPPROACHES

摘要: Natural selection and genetic drift are the two processes that can lead to cladogenesis. Without a doubt great diversity floral adaptation specific pollinators likely consequences of natural selection. Detecting in wild requires measuring fitness advantage for characters. However, few published orchid studies demonstrate characters influenced by If is temporal or weak, then this may explain why we rarely find on Alternatively, character not follow commonly used mathematical models based linear, disruptive, stabilizing serve as null models. Moreover, advantages usually tested general models, which assume parameters normally distributed. forego idea follows Gaussian distribution all types landscapes other distributions (binomial, Poisson) possible, discover evidence process does play role explaining orchids. Here I show compare use traditional non-parametric approaches hypothesize many be but, using approaches, will fail observe measured characters, whereas more useful tool detect differences among