Characterising the relationship between weather extremes in Europe and synoptic circulation features

摘要: Abstract. Extreme weather events in Europe are closely linked to anomalies of the atmospheric circulation and particular features like cyclones blocking. In this study, linkage is systematically characterised with help conditional cyclone blocking frequencies during precipitation, wind gust temperature extremes at various locations Europe. Such frequency fields can serve as a dynamical fingerprint extreme yield insights into their most important physical driving mechanisms. Precipitation over ocean flat terrain shown be related vicinity associated lifting. For precipitation complex terrain, found more remote locations, favouring flow moist air towards topography. Wind opposite directions, occurring mostly North Baltic seas for central This setting pronounced surface pressure gradients thus high near-surface velocities. Hot northern typically occur anticyclone, where subsidence radiative forcing strong. Over southern Europe, shifted north or northeast, indicating role warm advection. Large-scale conditions cold similar many Atlantic southeast extreme, both contributing advection masses. characterisation synoptic-scale mechanisms helpful better understanding anticipating long-term changes.