6. Measurement of Composition
作者： John E. Dove
DOI: 10.1016/S0076-695X(08)60881-9
关键词: Chemical physics 、 Separation process 、 Intermolecular force 、 Countercurrent exchange 、 Fractional distillation 、 Optics 、 Chemical species 、 Molecule 、 Absorption (chemistry) 、 Ion 、 Materials science
摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the description and measurement of composition. A complete composition a fluid requires identification chemical species present determination their concentrations. The types to be measured in system include atoms, molecules, free radicals, ions, electrons. is most often specified by listing concentrations individual components as molarities moles per liter or number densities particles cubic centimeter. Chromatography countercurrent separation process that normally takes place movement gas liquid past stationary solid. actual occurs result selective partition between moving phases, manner roughly analogous fractional distillation. Measurements absorption ultraviolet, visible, infrared radiation are widely used analysis. Electronic transitions accompanied simultaneous changes rotational vibrational energy. It found phase, intermolecular interactions broaden energy levels so fine structure merges.
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