Behavioural ecology of the Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)

摘要: The Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), which is endemic to the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, has declined in numbers many areas recent years probably as result of over-killing habitat alteration. In 544 km2 Royal Chitawan National Park Nepal terai, we estimated there were a minimum 55 bears or crude density 0˙1/km2. During peak concentrations lowlying riverine forest/tall grass March, ecological was 0˙5/km2. Cubs still with their mothers comprised 24 % 161 classified between December 1972 November 1975. Females 48% adults classified. Average size litters 1˙6 (1–2). Seventy-two per cent observations lone individuals. Three (an adult female two cubs), largest group seen. only extended social observed female-young unit although newly independent siblings may remain together for short time. Maternal relations, interactions, tree marking, ranging, feeding anti-predatory behaviour are described. Examination 139 droppings showed that these fed on at least 17 different fruits (47% occurrence), flowers, grass, honey, six insects (52% occurrence). Fruits an important food from March June individual species predominating throughout fruiting season. Termites, including Odontotermes obesus, diet most year. not preying mammals according other observers, rarely feeds carrion. basis selected aspects biology discussed.