Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features.

摘要: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. A substantial proportion patients presenting with extrapulmonary TB have urogenital (UG-TB), which can easily be overlooked owing to non-specific symptoms, chronic and cryptic protean clinical manifestations, and lack clinician awareness possibility TB. Delay in diagnosis results progression, irreversible tissue organ damage chronic renal failure. UG-TB manifest acute or inflammation the urinary genital tract, abdominal pain, mass, obstructive uropathy, infertility, menstrual irregularities abnormal function tests. Advanced scarring, distortion calyces pelvic, ureteric strictures, stenosis, urinary outflow tract obstruction, hydroureter, hydronephrosis, failure reduced bladder capacity. The specific achieved by culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis an appropriate sample DNA identification. Imaging aid localizing site, extent and effect disease, obtaining samples for diagnosis, planning medical surgical management, monitoring response treatment. Drug-sensitive requires 6–9 months WHO-recommended standard treatment regimens. Drug-resistant 12–24 of therapy toxic drugs close monitoring. Surgical intervention as adjunct drug required certain circumstances. Current challenges management include making early raising awareness, developing rapid sensitive diagnostics tests, improving outcomes. Urogenital varying manifestations a disease. In this Review, Muneer colleagues provide comprehensive overview epidemiology, pathogenesis, features,