Experimental Signatures of Phase Transition to Quark Matter in High-energy Collisions of Nuclei

摘要: Colliding high-energy heavy nuclei is the only known way to experimentally study phase transition from nucleonic quark matter. Observations are, however, frustrated by fact that secondary $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons are formed in later stages of interaction and therefore insensitive early when matter formed. We speculate on two types experimental signatures (i) The structure rapidity distribution secondaries a near central collision nuclei. estimate reduction shear viscosity between colored quark-gluon plasma peripheral spectator part each nucleus leads an observable separation component. (ii) Abundant production prompt photons with $\frac{{n}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}{{n}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}\ensuremath{\simeq}30%$ for collisions about 50 GeV energy per nucleon.