Adoptive immunotherapy for human cancers: Flagmen signal first “open road” then “roadblocks.” A narrative synopsis

摘要: There was overwhelming evidence documented in vitro the early 1970s for lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to autologous cancer cells. Cancer-bearing patients circulated small compact lymphocytes their blood that promptly killed tumor cells vitro. These were identified later as CD8+ immune T Tumor by cytoplasmic lysis with perforins and granzymes, or nuclear clumping Fas ligand related ligands. With discovery of cell growth factor (interleukin-2), road lymphocyte therapy human cancers appeared wide open. Then emerged “large granular lymphocytes”. occurred not only cancer, but healthy cancer-free individuals. The author this article served “negative (healthy) control” assays late 1960s 1970s. Some project site visitors National Cancer Institute could comprehend “immune reactions exist without pre-immunization” referred phenomenon an “in artifact” (worse than that: they canceled grant support its study). It years later, first mice then lymphocytes” recognized natural killer “suppressor/regulatory cells” (TREG). This population is responsible curtailing autoimmune against “self ”. masquerading ” are protected TREG executed cells, even NK Adoptive will be effectively resolved when technology develops neutralization population.