From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards FutureStrategies and a Decision Support Framework forOil Spill Preparedness and Response in OffshoreNewfoundland and Labrador

摘要: As a major energy source worldwide, oil products are increasingly produced and consumed. Despite progress in reducing spillage through variety of technological regulatory measures, along with improving industry practices, spills continue to occur. On daily basis, hundreds thousands likely occur worldwide many different types environments such as on land, at sea, inland freshwater systems. Multiple sources involved, tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs wells, well processes transportation, refining, storage utilization refined petroleum their by-products. Spills for diverse reasons including structural failures, operational errors, weather-related events, earthquakes, human negligence, even vandalism or terrorism. The biggest contributor pollution the world’s oceans (some 45%) is discharges from tankers. Most spill occurrences (72%) small scale overall amount these accounts less than 1% total spillage. largest (over 30 tonnes) rarely (0.1% incidents) yet involve nearly 60% spilled. The project’s objective was gain insight current methodologies technologies response countermeasures formulate new strategic decision making framework supporting diagnosis, warning emergency cost-efficient environmental friendly manner. cold weather harsh conditions Newfoundland Labrador effects will be considered study. main objectives research included: • Collect analyze background information data historical associated environmental, economic societal impacts relevant policies regulations Review countermeasure protocols practices natural social conditions, prevention, monitoring analysis, assessment modeling, clean-up technologies, effectiveness suitability prevailing NL areas Identify knowledge gaps technical challenges spill, monitoring, responses, particularly Formulate general integrating methods techniques during early warning, assessment, simulation, cleanup Recommend management strategies disclose development needs authorities. Based comprehensive review, this study made recommendations help guide efforts aspects impact coordination, modeling prediction, preparedness response, countermeasures, making. Some special given future investment R&D order address identified NL’s environment include: Uncertainties ocean making; Integration simulation optimization into Capability existing novel customized specific characteristic spills; Adaptation long-term contingency plans, strategies, on-site decision, conditions.