Family-forest Owners’ Willingness to Harvest Sawlogs and Woody Biomass: The Effect of Price on Social Availability

摘要: (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)Use of woody biomass to generate bioenergy has been the subject much discussion in scientific literature recent years. Woody generally is defined as "trees and plants, including limbs, tops, needles, leaves, other parts, grown a forest, woodland, or rangeland environment that are by-products forest management" (U.S. Department Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service 2008, p. 16). A combination historically high price for fossil fuel public policies aimed at addressing United States' energy independence climate change major driver this research thrust (Aguilar Garrett 2009). Research forestry sector primarily focused on biophysical assessments, analyses economic feasibility providing fuel, social availability such biomass.Investigative efforts Billion-ton Biomass Report by U.S. Departments Energy 2005 (Perlack et al. 2005) its update 2011 2011) have provide an overview potential renewable power biofuel. State-level studies supply also conducted (Becker 2010). Regional Goerndt (2012), explored vicinity plants calculate maximum sustainable capacity from forests. Galik, Abt, Wu (2009), example, identified large quantities residue southeastern States but warned long-term feedstock would be needed meet continuous demands.A number evaluated using produce various forms energy. Those found production economically feasible only when harvested conjunction with sawlogs (commonly referred integrated harvest) because cost associated collecting low-density material (Hall 1997, Hubbard 2007, Saunders 2012). (2012) determined break-even points harvests estimated procurement distance about 140 kilometers plant. White, Alig, Stein (2010) wood municipal solid waste facilities, milling residue, some timber harvest feedstocks most likely used since they relatively inexpensive procure. Harvesting logging can new jobs stimulate rural economies creating demand traditionally unmarketable materials. This, turn, important implications management; previously lefton ground could removed, which reduce loads enhance wildlife habitat species Moreover, resulting biofuel simultaneously promote greater concerns regarding use food crops (e.g., corn) (Skipper 2009, Bartuska Consequently, overall impact harvesting converting substantial (Perez-Verdin 2008).The relates factors influence landowners' willingness (WTH) materials bioenergy. Social was Butler (2010, 151) "the determine desirability goods services propensity those who control resource, wood, it themselves, allow others do so, nothing it." However, so far not thoroughly concurrent incorporated into estimates WTH. For Markowski-Lindsay …