A global phylogeny of leafmining Ectoedemia moths (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae): exploring host plant family shifts and allopatry as drivers of speciation.

摘要: Background Host association patterns in Ectoedemia (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) are also encountered other insect groups with intimate plant relationships, including a high degree of monophagy, preference for ecologically dominant families (e.g. Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Betulaceae) tendency related species to feed on host species. The evolutionary processes underlying these only partly understood, we therefore assessed the role allopatry family shifts speciation within Ectoedemia. Methodology Six nuclear mitochondrial DNA markers total aligned length 3692 base pairs were used infer phylogenetic relationships among 92 belonging subgenus genus Ectoedemia, representing thorough taxon sampling global coverage. results support monophyletic that congruent published findings based morphology. We obtained phylogeny explore geographical distribution investigate if have been instrumental leafmining insects. Significance found that, even though most commonly plants from one family, distantly occasionally occurred throughout such observed towards Betulaceae. largest radiations Salicaceae. Most restricted seven biogeographic regions, but representatives different regions. Although find general regard use biogeography, there differences between clades suggest drivers speciation, perhaps did not examine, shaped diversity clades.