Developmental Biology and Morphogenesis of the Face, Lip and Palate

摘要: The understanding of the natural history, clinical delineation, and management birth defects involving face, lip, palate has progressed significantly over last 20 years continues to do as we move further into 21st century. Although human craniofacial morphogenesis is clearly culmination a very complex series diverse overlapping developmental events, all these events can be categorized four fundamental processes which span mammalian development are evident in earliest beginnings face - normal abnormal: (1) cell differentiation process through myriad “building block” types invoked facial generated from single-celled zygote; (2) or set form its constituent cells, tissues, organs will emerge timely fashion along patternable individual population lines; (3) growth collective results morphogenesis; (4) dysmorphogenesis abnormal this most exciting challenges today strive understand how environmental influences interact with cause changes expression genetic factors governing behavior those cells give rise entire body, especially palatal regions. treatment defective genes much part current agenda dealing defects. basic scientist, dysmorphologist, clinician, and, importantly, acquired have gained significant advantage critical use available information coming classical experimental studies morphogenesis. These advantages continue increase laboratory scientists clinician scholars rapidly together world molecular gene biology. approaches should our knowledge base on patterns underlying causes patients better for it. However, researchers providers well realize that practical transfer new biological flowing bench bedside may neither easy nor achieve effective abnormalities.