Population genetics of the endangered obligatorily myrmecophilous butterfly Phengaris (=Maculinea) arion in two areas of its European range

摘要: The socially parasitic Phengaris arion is one of the most threatened butterfly species in Europe. Using 12 microsatellite loci, we studied genetic structure 14 ecologically diverse populations (285 individuals) originating from two distinct areas European distribution range (Poland and Italy). Italian were more differentiated (FST = 0.124) than Polish (0.073). Nevertheless, contrast to results previous studies on mitochondrial (COI) nuclear (EF-1α) genes, indices variability higher Poland. Within-population Italy decreased southwards, whereas Poland no similar gradient changes was detected. Bayesian clustering individuals (STRUCTURE, BAPS) analysis principal components (PCA) indicated a Italian sampling sites that pronounced also suggested common evolutionary history for inhabiting northern slopes Alps Central Europe, or alpine are localised mixed zone different post-glacial colonisation routes PCA). In addition, implementation spatial information into (BAPS) observed pattern differentiation could be shaped simply by landforms as all mountainous formed separate cluster. The ecological variation did not influence grounds separation subspecies (P. arion ligurica P. arion obscura) found. Our therefore agreement with conclusions inferred other carried out Europe P. arion.