Conservation of Southern Ocean Islands: invertebrates as exemplars

摘要: The Southern Ocean Islands (SOI) have an exceptionally high conservation status, and human activity on the islands is low by comparison with more tropical islands. In consequence, overexploitation, pollution habitat destruction had little influence invertebrate biotas of islands, although overexploitation pelagic species has potential for indirect via reduction nutrient inputs to terrestrial systems. By contrast, invasive alien species, local effects global climate change, interactions between them are having large impacts populations and, as a ecosystem functioning. Climate change not only direct indigenous invertebrates, but also seems be promoting ease establishment new species. It contributing population increases already sometimes pronounced negative consequences Moreover, plants mammals affecting populations, often expected exacerbate impacts. Although requirements reasonably well-understood systems, knowledge freshwater marine near-shore systems inadequate. Nonetheless, what known terrestrial, suggests that ongoing SOI invertebrates requires intervention from highest political levels internationally, slow improvements quarantine measures reduce rates biological invasions.