Prey and tigers on the forgotten trail: high prey occupancy and tiger habitat use reveal the importance of the understudied Churia habitat of Nepal
作者： Kanchan Thapa , Marcella J. Kelly
DOI: 10.1007/S10531-016-1260-1
关键词: Tiger 、 Ecology 、 Geography 、 Population 、 Predation 、 Occupancy 、 National park 、 Habitat 、 Biodiversity 、 Threatened species
摘要: Tigers are globally threatened and their conservation relies on intact habitat that supports key large prey. The Churia is relatively unknown even though it occupies a significant portion of the forested landscape Terai Arc, which stretches over 1000 km in narrow band across Nepal India, parallel to Himalayas. To address this lack detailed information relevant tiger conservation, we used sign surveys estimate occupancy probability for 5 focal prey species tigers (gaur, sambar, chital, wild pig, barking deer), assess use within 537 km2 understudied Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal. Multi-season models allowed us make seasonal (winter vs. summer) inferences regarding changes or based covariates influencing detection. We found sambar had largest spatial distribution occupying 431–437 km2, while chital smallest at 100–158 km2 both seasons. gaur population showed most variation from 413 318 km2, suggesting migration out summer moving during winter. Wild pigs opposite trend 444 383 km2; into Barking deer were widespread seasons (329–349 km2). Tiger ( $${{\hat{\varPsi } }}({\text{SE}})$$ ) was higher winter 0.63 (0.11) than 0.54 (0.21), but confidence intervals overlapped area similar seasons, 337 km2 (winter) 291 km2 (summer). Available habitat, water sources, human disturbance common variables different scales. Overall, high use, valuable ungulates tigers. Given accounts 639 km2 CNP 7642 km2 entire should no longer be neglected global planning.
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