Forest Ecosystem Responses to Exotic Pests and Pathogens in Eastern North America

摘要: The forests of eastern North America have been subjected to repeated introductions exotic insect pests and pathogens over the last century, several new are currently invading, or threatening invade, region. These can major short- long-term impacts on forest ecosystem processes such as productivity, nutrient cycling, support consumer food webs. We identify six key features biology animal ecology their hosts that critical predicting general nature severity those impacts. Using three examples introduced in ecosystems, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing potential ecosystem-scale effects.