A Ten-Year History of the Demography and Productivity of an Arctic Wolf Pack

摘要: A pack of two to eight adult wolves ( Canis lupus arctos ) and their pups was observed during ten summers (1986-95) on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. The author habituated the wolf his presence in first summer reinforced habituation each thereafter. alpha female produced four six year between 1986 1989. However, her daughter, who succeeded as female, only one three 1990 1992 1994, apparently did not whelp 1993 or 1995. tenure male at least years, successor for remaining years study. characterized by highly variable annual productivity. second male-and-female breeding pair likely an older brother a younger sister. Early survival high constant, with all surviving through August year. pack's demography consistent what is known packs other regions North America, but its productivity more typical arctic packs. Key words: wolf, , productivity, demography, tenure,