3 – Female Roles in Sperm Competition

摘要: The chapter illustrates the sperm competition, which is regarded as 'competition between from two or more males for fertilization of a given set ova.' phrase competition evokes image armies tiny, one-tailed soldiers racing up female ducts, struggling in hand-to-hand combat to gain access large, passive treasures. However, it also emphasizes active male role male-female interactions. Images this sort can be misleading, because they lead underestimates likelihood that females influence how compete and, win. Moreover, post-intromission post copulatory equivalent precopulatory competition. Thus, often used refer all postcopulatory involves both direct interactions among different males, and other males. Therefore, some battles participants themselves, such dilution physical removal. There are impressively large trends nature, widespread occurrence courtship, rapid divergent evolution genitalia, seem difficult explain otherwise.