Robotic surgery and telesurgery in urology

摘要: fi c apid technological developments and global communication in the past two decades have evolutionized surgical sciences. Advances ptics instrumentation encouraged a leap from raditional open operating techniques to minially invasive surgeries of today. Urology has been t forefront these innovations, introducing ndourologic into everyday practice reat myriad genitourinary ailments. Patients ave embraced novel approaches as they addressed concerns postoperative pain, osmesis, convalescence. However, inherent limitations with some advanced inimally restricted uniersal mastery by urologists. For example, laparocopic urologic surgery relatively slow be ncorporated general practice. Two-dimensional isualization, maneuverability, dampned tactile feedback, present challenges surgeons rained traditional approaches. Although eneral cholecystectomy gyneology tubal ligation, urology lacks simple aparoscopic platform for acquiring requisite kill. The learning curve laparoscopy is ong, necessitating significant training continued xposure. advent computer-assisted robotic systems provided potential solution address imitations. They also door developing ovel, until now impossible, procedures. Morever, rapid expansion Internet resources odern audiovisual media allowed realime guidance remote assistance. This eview addresses background, advances, ontinuing associated surical telesurgery.