Oriental and Mediterranean Fruit Flies: Fumigation of Papaya, Avocado, Tomato, Bell Pepper, Eggplant, and Banana with Phosphine12

摘要: Infestations (1- to 3-day-old eggs and larvae) of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, or Mediterranean Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were eliminated from packaged papayas, Carica papaya L., by low-temperature (12.8°C) fumigation with phosphine generated ½ a FUMI-CEL®. There no survivors 103,880 flies after an exposure 4940 ppm-h. Where fumigations done at 12.8° 18.5°–26.1°C 80% RH (ambient), mortality varied both natural logarithm concentration treatment time because variable rates generated. Time influenced efficacy more than concentration. The residues in fumigated papayas 0.08 ppb 7600 These dissipated trace levels 2 days storage 12.8°C. Residues 1.0–1.4 ambient 7700–9100 decreased 0.18–0.3 1 day storage. 1.3 on carton polyethylene foam sheet ranging 0.4 ppb. Papayas 10 Hawaiian varieties avocado, Persea Americana Mill., not injured fumigation, but avocados ripened faster unfumigated avocados. ‘California Wonder’ bell peppers, Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum, ‘apple’ ‘Williams Hybrid’ bananas, Musa paradisiaca ssp. sapientum (L.) O. Ktze., ‘N-52’ ‘Anahu’ tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum 5 avocado uninjured for 12–63 h exposures 5500–20,000 ppm-h ambient. ‘Black Beauty’ eggplant, Solanum melongena tolerated 5500