Number of honey bee visits required to fully pollinate white clover (Trifolium repens) seed crops in Canterbury, New Zealand

作者: RM Goodwin , HM Cox , MA Taylor , LJ Evans , HM McBrydie

DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2010.520164

关键词: PollinationPastureHectareForagingCropAgronomyBiologyOvuleHoney beeTrifolium repens

摘要: Abstract White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is grown throughout New Zealand in pasture and as a seed crop the South Island. This investigation was conducted to determine number of honey bee visits necessary fully pollinate white flowers; foraging bees per hectare required reach maximum floret; assess level pollination Canterbury. The theoretical seeds that can be produced floret six, based on ovules present. Based resulting from single visit (mean = 1.24), it calculated an 8 h day, 19,420 would floret, assuming no received more than required. Bee activity assessed at two sites with estimated 20,124 hectare. should have been enough floret. However, set the...

参考文章(17)
T.P.T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. Marshall, M.T. Abberton, I. Rhodes, Self-compatibility and heterosis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) Euphytica. ,vol. 94, pp. 341- 348 ,(1997) , 10.1023/A:1002989410326
S. E. McGregor, Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants. Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants.. ,(1976)
David Dunavan, Insect Pollination of Ladino Clover in South Carolina1 Journal of Economic Entomology. ,vol. 45, pp. 124- 125 ,(1952) , 10.1093/JEE/45.1.124
Sanford S. Atwood, “Natural Crossing” of White Clover by Bees 1 Agronomy Journal. ,vol. 35, pp. 862- 870 ,(1943) , 10.2134/AGRONJ1943.00021962003500100002X
N. Leduc, G. C. Douglas, M. Monnier, V. Connolly, Pollination in vitro: effects on the growth of pollen tubes, seed set and gametophytic self-incompatibility in Trifolium pratense L. and T. repens L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. ,vol. 80, pp. 657- 664 ,(1990) , 10.1007/BF00224226
H. B. Green, White Clover Pollination with Low Honey Bee Population Journal of Economic Entomology. ,vol. 50, pp. 318- 320 ,(1957) , 10.1093/JEE/50.3.318
I. W. Forster, G. L. Jeffery, T. Palmer-Jones, Factors causing losses of clover seed New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. ,vol. 5, pp. 326- 330 ,(1962) , 10.1080/00288233.1962.10419962
Nevin Weaver, Foraging behavior of honeybees on white clover Insectes Sociaux. ,vol. 12, pp. 231- 240 ,(1965) , 10.1007/BF02223893
T. Palmer-Jones, I. W. Forster, G. L. Jeffery, Observations on the role of the honey bee and bumble bee as pollinators of white clover (Trifolium repensLinn.) in the Timaru district and Mackenzie country New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. ,vol. 5, pp. 318- 325 ,(1962) , 10.1080/00288233.1962.10419961