Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives

摘要: Oliver E. Williamson University of California, Berkeley This paper combines institutional economics with aspects contract law and organization theory to identify explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms economic organization-market, hybrid, hierarchy. The analysis shows are distinguished by different coordinating control mechanisms abilities adapt disturbances. Also, each form is supported defined a distinctive type law. costeffective choice shown vary systematically attributes transactions. unifies two hitherto disjunct areas economics-the environment institutions governance-by treating as locus parameters, changes in which parameters bring about shifts comparative costs governance. Changes property rights, law, reputation effects, uncertainty investigated.'