The origin of the Gravettian

摘要: Abstract The Gravettian is an Upper Palaeolithic unit that had a pan-European range. Unlike the Aurignacian, it did not extend beyond Europe. In terms of taxonomy, in polythetic system, can be placed on various levels. material culture and lithic inventories, closer to concept “technocomplex”, while symbolic corresponds “archaeological culture”. These differences degree correlation particular socio-cultural sub-systems have caused emphasis either unifying elements, or differentiating components. different viewpoints resulted hypotheses origins this complex. take into account: a) monocentric origin from Danubian centers, which spread west giving rise “western European Perigordian”, eastern Europe where gave Kostienkian (the Kostienki–Avdeyevo culture). This hypothesis most frequently proposed. b) polycentric assume other centers autonomous formation (e.g. middle Mediterranean centres). c) related cultural adaptations led convergent evolution territories consequence environmental changes, notably younger part MIS 3. None these seems fully explain processes emergence Gravettian. It only combination enables more penetrating understanding process Middle Doubtless, varied number aspects. Nevertheless, similarities do exist respect numerous elements technology, morphology bone implements, culture, behaviours food procurement, broad sphere inter-group contacts zones raw procurement. Gravettian, are herbingers “Neolithic revolution”: semi-settled way life (multiseasonal settlements), intentionally designed lay-out villages, use fired clay, building complex dwelling structures, plant foods.