Investigating the effects of motor symptoms on the development and assessment of non-motor symptoms in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

摘要: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative sub-cortical neurological disorder primarily involving morphologic and neurochemical changes in the human brain, particularly basal ganglia. Basal ganglia term used to identify areas of forebrain midbrain known be involved control movement some higher cortical functions. Cardinal motor symptoms PD include muscle rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, loss postural reflexes and, extreme cases, akinesia. These can experienced either unilaterally or bilaterally. Non-motor cognitive decline, depression, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, apathy. Changes functioning range from mild impairment Parkinson's dementia (PDD). While studies investigating potential relationship between symptom phenotype decline exist, results have been equivocal date. Additional research has recommended this was aim current studies. Participants (n = 88) were recruited Royal Hobart Hospital administered comprehensive assessment battery that included demographic mood measures, measures covering immediate delayed memory, executive functioning, visuospatial language, as well several tests functioning. Study One examined link performance. Despite no significant groups differences on variables such age, years education, pre-morbid mood, duration, participants lower group consistently performed more poorly all tasks battery. Two impact side onset, comparing who experience left sided, right bilateral at time initial diagnosis. found those with sided onset significantly (p < .001) likely achieve poorest results. Three potentially confounding when assessing anxiety depression population using two-factor Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) three-factor model HADS separated anxiety, psychomotor symptoms. Results cautioned against reliance traditional for detecting people PD. Overall indicate presentation provide valuable information regarding populations.