Air pollution in the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman): causes, effects, and aerosol categorization

摘要: Air pollution over six countries in the Arabian Peninsula (AP), including Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman, is shown to include particulates, greenhouse gases, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide. Distribution pollutants strongly affected by major sandstorms that frequent AP. Concentration these analyzed. Unprecedented infrastructure activities, overusing governmental subsidized energy, water desalination, heavy traffic large cities, cement plants are found be main reasons for pollutants. In 2010, Qatar recorded highest carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per capita with 40.31 metric tons. The KSA had lowest CO2 but resulting from industry. Bahrain industry emissions. Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data retrieval three sites AP depicted significant anthropogenic particles mixed desert dust