Characterization of Phthalate Exposure among Pregnant Women Assessed by Repeat Air and Urine Samples

摘要: Phthalates are a class of synthetic compounds used widely in polyvinyl chloride plastics, cosmetics, and building materials. Biomonitoring data suggest that > 75% the U.S. population is exposed to phthalates, including di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl (DnBP), di-isobutyl (DiBP), butylbenzyl (BBzP), diethyl (DEP) (Silva et al. 2004a). When urinary concentrations secondary metabolites DEHP [e.g., mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) (MEHHP)] measured, this estimate increases 95% (Kato 2004). It assumed general some phthalates mainly through ingestion foods contaminated during processing packaging (Schettler 2006; Wormuth 2006). Dermal contact with products containing inhalation indoor air, or household dust also contribute widespread exposures. Once pregnant woman exposed, can cross placenta enter fetal circulation (Mose 2007). have been detected physiologically relevant compartments within women developing fetus, such as maternal urine (Adibi 2003; Swan 2005), cord blood (Latini 2003), meconium 2006), 2007), amniotic fluid 2004b). Previous studies on reproducibility metabolite samples among nonpregnant individuals shown wide range estimates within-person variability (Fromme 2007; Hauser 2004; Hoppin 2002; Teitelbaum leading concerns regarding approach relying single sample characterize exposure. In addition, these may not accurately represent what happens pregnancy when woman’s physiology dramatically altered. The primary aim current study was a) use biomarkers exposure (i.e., measured urine) evaluate women; b) measures their external environment air). As aim, we evaluated correlations between newborn urine. Finally, correlation levels personal/indoor air concentrations.