作者: Robert R. Cox , Mark A. Hanson , Christianne C. Roy , Ned H. Euliss , Douglas H. Johnson
DOI: 10.2307/3802270
关键词: Biology 、 Invertebrate 、 Brood 、 Anatidae 、 Cyprinidae 、 Ecology 、 Pimephales promelas 、 Environmental factor 、 Nest 、 Animal science 、 Anas
摘要: Identification and assessment of the relative importance factors affecting duckling growth survival are essential for effective management mallards on breeding areas. For each 3 years (1993-95), we placed F 1 -generation wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) females experimental wetlands allowed them to mate, nest, rear broods 17 days. We manipulated invertebrate densities by introducing fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at high in half which were confined. Day-17 body mass surviving ducklings (n = 183) was greater that heavier hatch; difference averaged 1.7 g day 1.0 hatch (P 0.047). Growth ratio (the proportion attained when they last measured predicted female ducklings) also positively related 0.004). Mean day-17 mean per brood (each adjusted hatch) numbers aquatic invertebrates (Ps < 0.001) negatively variance daily minimum air temperature during exposure period 0.020). Early more sensitive variation than or biomass invertebrates. Duckling 0.001). Our study provides parameter estimates modeling ducklings. emphasize need conserving brood-rearing Prairie Pothole Region capable supporting