Constraints from Gravitational Recoil on the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift

摘要: Recent studies have suggested that during their coalescence, binary supermassive black holes (SMBHs) experience typical gravitational recoil velocities may be as large 100 km s-1. These exceed the escape velocity vesc from dark matter (DM) halos at high redshift (z 6), and therefore put constraints on scenarios in which early SMBHs grow centers of DM halos. Here we quantify these for most distant known SMBH, with an inferred mass excess 109 M☉, powering bright quasar SDSS J1148+5251 discovered Sloan Digital Sky Survey z = 6.43. We assume this SMBH grew via a combination accretion mergers between preexisting seed BHs individual progenitor halos, progenitors < vkick disrupt BH growth process. Our results suggest under assumptions, ≈ 6 had phase they gained vary rapidly. In particular, 3 quasars luminosities similar to recently been average radiative efficiency 20%. The rate must significantly exceeded Eddington efficiency.