The Time-Poor: A New Look at Poverty

摘要: If the minimal nonpoor level of consumption requires both money and household production, then official poverty standards do not correctly measure needs. Any income-support program that corrects for differences but time across households will discriminate against with only one adult. Furthermore, such programs provide financial incentives to form in certain ways. This paper sets up a two-dimensional definition shows how this standard can be used define voluntary versus involuntary poverty. Since index was developed mid-1960s by Social Security Administration (SSA) [7, 8], their categorization income has been accepted as an equitable criterion which compare different types households. As result, policy-makers have thought adjusting benefit structure income-transfer differentials corrected resource these But differ resources well income. argues base schedule on defines terms alone is create gross inequities The author Assistant Professor Economics, University California, Berkeley. * benefited from comments made earlier draft Barbara Bergmann, Nancy Chodorow, Frances Flanagan, Gillian Garcia, Aaron Gordon, Mel Jameson, Theodore Keeler, Harold Wilensky, Michael Wiseman, Lloyd Ulman. Cynthia Rence provided invaluable assistance. Financial support U.S. Department Labor under Research Grant No. 72-06-74-04 Institute Industrial Relations. grantees conducting research projects government sponsorship are encouraged express judgment freely, does necessarily represent opinion or policy Labor. solely responsible its contents. [Manuscript received February 1976; July 1976.] Journal Human Resources XII 1 content downloaded 157.55.39.54 Thu, 30 Jun 2016 06:06:26 UTC All use subject http://about.jstor.org/terms 28 I THE JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES vary number adult hours. equity problem, important itself, takes added significance when it creates individuals adjust living arrangements, problem becomes aggravated if appears transitional phase 1970s. impact income-maintenance scheme may prove more over long run than program's influence labor supply, issue captured attention economists policy-makers. attempts shift focus laying foundation analyzing economic formation implicit proposed programs. First, inputs defined. In definition, necessity home production well-being household's members emphasized. Then generalized estimate additional female-headed families who would counted poor because deficiency nonmarket time. implications new explored using distinguish among hard-core poor, temporary potential population. concludes discussion dilemmas posed interaction between schedules composition.