Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems

摘要: Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), the aggregate impact land use on biomass available each year in ecosystems, is a prominent measure human domination biosphere. We present comprehensive assessment global HANPP based vegetation modeling, agricultural and forestry statistics, geographical information systems data use, cover, soil degradation that localizes ecosystems. found an value 15.6 Pg C/yr or 23.8% potential productivity, which 53% was contributed by harvest, 40% land-use-induced productivity changes, 7% human-induced fires. This remarkable biosphere caused just one species. maps quantifying changes trophic energy flows ecosystems illustrate spatial patterns thus emphasizing as pervasive factor importance. Land transforms earth's terrestrial surface, resulting biogeochemical cycles ability to deliver services critical well being. The results suggest large-scale schemes substitute for fossil fuels should be viewed cautiously because massive additional pressures might result from increased harvest.