Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers to assess genetic diversity and evolution in hazelnut species, hybrids and cultivars.

摘要: The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Oregon, preserves more than 800 accessions hazelnut (Corylus), including C. avellana cultivars and representatives 10 other recognized shrub tree species. Characterization study genetic diversity this collection require cross-transferable markers, such as trinucleotide microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers universal chloroplast SSR markers. We developed new evaluated 114 Corylus representing 11 species 44 interspecific hybrids. Eight 23 SSRs generated easy-to-score alleles all seven were highly polymorphic. For those seven, the average heterozygosity was moderate at 0.49, mean allele number, polymorphism information index high 11.71, 0.79 0.76, respectively. three most polymorphic CaC-C008, CaC-C040 CaC-C118. Neighbor-joining (NJ) clustering structure analysis agreed with classical taxonomic supported inclusion maxima within large species, avellana. Analysis also indicated that californica is a distinct rather botanical variety cornuta. Six cpSSRs 21 chlorotypes an 3 per locus. Diversity these ranged from 0.33 to 0.64, 0.54. Incongruence NJ topologies between nuclear could be attributed capture related hybridization during ancestral diversification genus, homoplasy. phylogeographical relationships among support Asia refugium where several lineages survived glaciation which they continued evolve after dispersal through Mediterranean Europe, across Atlantic and/or Bering land bridge North America.