Towards genetic markers in animal populations as biomonitors for human-induced environmental change.

摘要: Genetic markers provide potentially sensitive indicators of changes in environmental conditions because the genetic constitution populations is normally altered well before become extinct. include overall diversity, traits measured at phenotypic level, and evolution specific loci under selection. While diversity has rarely been successfully related to conditions, genetically based have now linked presence toxins both local global temperature shifts. Candidate for monitoring stressors are emerging from information on how genes influence traits, screens random across gradients. Drosophila research suggests that chromosomal regions recent intense selection can be identified patterns molecular variation a high frequency transposable element insertions. Allele candidate pesticides, pollutants climate change. Nevertheless, there challenges interpreting allele frequencies populations, particularly when large number control trait interactions between alleles expression. To meet these challenges, population samples should collected longitudinal studies, experimental programmes undertaken link ecological processes.